Estimate and Costing Sheet 7

D [first area +last area $\sum _{}$ Even area + 2 E odd areas]

$\frac{D}{3}$[first area+last area+4E Even area+2E odd areas]

$\frac{D}{3}$[first area+last area+2E Even area+4E odd areas]

$\frac{D}{6}$[first area+last area+2E Even area+4E odd areas]

The end sections are parallel planes

The mid-area of a pyramid is half the average area of the ends

The volume of the prismoidal is over-estimted and hence a prismoidal correction is applied 

All the above

The mean depth is the average of depths of two consecutive sections

The area of mid-sections is calculated by using mean depth

The volume of the earth work is calculated by multiplying the mid-section area by the distance between the two sections

(a).(b) and (c) of the above

Mid-section formula

Trapezoidal formula

Prismoidal formula

All the above

B+d+Sd

Bd+$S{d}^2$

Bxd-$S{d}^{1/2}$

1/2(Bd+$S{d}^2$)

right angle to the centre line

30 metres apart

the starting end points of the curves

All the above

In order to check up the average depth of excavation,'Dead means'are left at the mid-widths of borrow pits

The earthwork calculation in excavation is made from the difference in obtained with a level

The earth work in excavation to from the road embankment includes the formation of correct profile and depositing the soil in layers

All the above

100mm

150mm

200mm

175mm

60cm

70cm

75cm to 80cm

80cm

45cm

50cm

30cm

25cm