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Highway Sheet 01

  • 1) Question.

    If the gradient of a sloping road is 1 in 30 then the camber to be provided is

    Answer.

    GRADIENT=2 X CAMBER

    1/30=2 X CAMBER

    CAMBER=1/60

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  • 2) Question.

    If the coefficient of friction and r eaction time of the driver are   respectively 0.4 and 2.5 secs and the design  speed in 50 km per hour, the minimum sight distance to be provided, is,

    Answer.

    The Minimum Sight Distance (Stopping Sight Distance, SSD) is calculated as:

    SSD=Lag Distance+Braking Distance

          =0.278Vt+ V^2/254f

    Where:

    • Speed, V=50 km/h
    • Reaction time, t=2.5 s
    • Coefficient of friction, f=0.4

    Step 1: Lag Distance

    =0.278V×t=0.278 x50×2.5=34.7 

    Step 2: Braking Distance

    Using IRC formula:

    V^2/254f 

    =(50 x50)/254 x 0.4

    =24.60 m

    Step 3: Total SSD

    34.7+24.6=59.3 m≈60

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  • 3) Question.

    The stopping sight distance in which a vehicle can be brought to a stop, depends upon

    Answer.

    Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) depends on:

    • Brake efficiency – Better brakes reduce the braking distance.
    • Grade of the roadway – An uphill grade decreases SSD, while a downhill grade increases it.
    • Speed of the vehicle – Higher speed increases both the reaction distance and braking distance.

    Therefore, all of these factors affect the stopping sight distance.

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  • 4) Question.

    On two lane highways where the width is ofthe order of 7 metres or more, the following type of road camber is sutable

    Answer.


    For two-lane highways with a carriageway width of about 7 m or more, the recommended camber is a combination of a parabolic crown (cap) at the centre and straight slopes towards the edges.

    This design:

    • Provides a smooth transition for vehicles near the centre.
    • Ensures efficient drainage of rainwater.
    • Is economical and commonly recommended by the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) for wider pavements.
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  • 5) Question.

    Assuming the reaction time t for a speed of 80 km per hour, as 2.50 seconds, then, the reaction distance is

    Answer.

    Reaction Distance or, lag dist=Speed×Reaction Time

                                             =0.278 x V x t

                                             =0.278 X 80 X 2.5

                                             =55.60 M

                                             =56 M

     

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  • 6) Question.

    The maximum number of passenger cars than can pass a given point on a road way during one hourunderthe most ideal roadway and traffic condition, is called

    Answer.

    Basic Capacity :

    The maximum number of passenger cars that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour under ideal roadway, traffic, and control conditions.

    POSSIBLE CAPACITY:- The maximum number of passenger cars that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour under MOST PRIVAIL CONDITION, traffic, and control conditions.

    PRACTICAL CAPASITY:-The maximum number of passenger cars that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour WITHOUT TRAFFIC DENSITY  BEING SO GRADE GRATE AS TO CAUSE UNREASONABLE DELAY

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  • 7) Question.

    Enoscope is used to determine

    Answer.

    Methods to measure spot speed are:

    1. Enoscope method
    2. Photographic method
    3. Electronic method
    4. Radar speed meter method
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  • 8) Question.

    The length of a the side of warning sign boards of roads is

    Answer.

    SHAPE OF REGULATORY SIGN :- CIRCULAR

    SHAPE OF WARNING SIGN :- TRIANGULAR

    SHAPE OF INFORMATORY  SIGN:- RECTANGULAR

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  • 9) Question.

    The number of vehicles moving in a specified direction on a roadway that pass a given point during specified unit of time, is called

    Answer.

    TRAFFIC DENSITY:-NUMBER VEHICLE OCCUPY PER UNIT LENGTH OF ROAD

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  • 10) Question.

    The total value of extra widening required at a horizontal curve on a two lane hill road of radius 42 m for a design speed of 50 kmph and for vehicles with wheel base 6 m, is

    Answer.

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  • 11) Question.

    The superelevation to be provided in horizontal curves of radius R in hill roads is given by -

    Answer.
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  • 12) Question.

    Rapid curing cutback bitumen is produced by blending bitumen with -

    Answer.

     

    • Rapid Curing (RC): Naphtha/Gasoline (high volatility)
    • Medium Curing (MC): Kerosene
    • Slow Curing (SC): Diesel oil or low-volatility oils

     

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  • 13) Question.

    When two roads with two-lane, two-way traffic, cross at an uncontrolled intersection, the total number of potential major conflict points would be -

    Answer.
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  • 14) Question.

    Brake is applied on a vehicle which then skids a distance of 16 m before coming to stop. If the developed average coefficient of friction between the tyres and the pavement is 0.4, then the speed of the vehicle before skidding would have been nearly -

    Answer.

    L=V^2/254F

    V=(254 X F X L)^1/2

    V=40 KM/HR

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  • 15) Question.

    The camber for hill roads in case of bituminous surfacing is adopted as -

    Answer.
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  • 16) Question.

    A hill road is one which passes through a terrain with a cross slope of -

    Answer.

     

    • Plain: 0–10%
    • Rolling: 10–25%
    • Mountainous (Hill): 25–60%
    • Steep: More than 60%

     

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  • 17) Question.

    In highway construction on superelevated curves, the rolling shall proceed from -

    Answer.
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  • 18) Question.

    The most suitable equipment for compacting clayey soils is a -

    Answer.

     

    • Sand and gravel (granular soils): Vibratory roller
    • Well-graded crushed aggregates: Smooth wheel roller
    • Asphalt/bituminous layers: Tandem smooth wheel roller

     

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  • 19) Question.

    Most suitable material for highway embankments is -

    Answer.
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  • 20) Question.

    In the penetration macadam construction, the bitumen is -

    Answer.
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